Soil available potassium affected by rice straw incorporation and potassium fertilizer application under a rice–oilseed rape rotation system

Data from 147 field trials were collected to study the influence of straw incorporation on soil potassium (K) under an intensive rice–oilseed rape rotation system, while pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of rice straw incorporation on soil K availability. A significant correlation was observed between the soil available K and the relative yield (RRY) and the relative K uptake (RKU) of oilseed rape, with R² values ranging from 0.07 to 0.08 and from 0.10 to 0.11, respectively, when data were fitted to a logarithmic equation model. In approximately 30% of trials, RRY reached 90%, while soil test available K values were below the critical limit, indicating that soil K values at the time of sampling (within 1 week of rice harvest) underestimated the actual soil K supply capacity. The pot experiment results showed that soil available K was affected by straw incorporation and soil type in the fallow period. The NH₄OAc‐K and NaBPh₄‐K concentrations of soils increased at first, and then, plateaued after 28 days. Straw incorporation significantly influenced the critical soil K concentration, which is important for making accurate K fertilizer recommendation. These results suggested that straw K should be seriously considered in making K fertilizer recommendations. Extending the sampling time from 1 to 3 weeks after the harvesting of rice to stabilize the effects of straw incorporation may help achieve a more accurate evaluation of soil available K.     

高产稳产大豆新品种兆丰2号的选育与应用

介绍了大豆新品种兆丰2号的选育过程、生物学特征特性、品质、抗性及产量表现,并总结了其配套栽培技术。     

层状非均质包气带渗透性特征及其对降水入渗的影响

不同的岩性界面影响了降水在包气带中的入渗、运移与再分布过程,其影响机制仍是有待研究的学科前沿问题。针对上述问题,基于层状非均质包气带6 m×4 m×5 m样方,开展了多场次自然降水入渗过程的原位试验监测,研究结果表明层状非均质结构对降水入渗过程和速率影响明显:(1)地层分界面处土壤含水率呈现陡降变化特征;(2)220 cm深度以上包气带中土壤含水率对降水入渗响应变化敏感,呈含水率陡变的多峰谷式脉冲响应变化特征,其中20～100 cm地层土壤含水率变化幅度为22.58%～29.76%,120～200 cm地层土壤含水率变化幅度为13.74%～20.74%;220 cm深度以下包气带中土壤含水率对降水入渗响应滞缓,年内呈现平缓单峰响应变化特征,反映了多场次降雨的累积效应,其中220～400 cm地层土壤含水率变化幅度为2.3%～12.15%,430～460 cm地层土壤含水率变化幅度为2.5%～3.41%;(3)层状非均质结构阻滞了水分的运移(湿润锋通过亚砂土-粉砂界面时,平均运移速度由10.53 cm·d~(-1)下降为0.77 cm·d~(-1);湿润锋通过亚砂土-亚粘土界面时,平均运移速度由12 cm·d~(-1)下降为1.86 cm·d~(-1)),当岩性界面处水分不断蓄积克服阻力后才能向下运移;受上部界面水分蓄积的影响,下部层状非均质结构的阻滞作用将被减弱甚至不明显。     

Impact of cash crop cultivation on household income and migration decisions: Evidence from low-income regions in China

This study examines the impact of cash crop cultivation on household income and migration decisions, using survey data collected from low-income regions in China. Given farmers decide themselves whether to cultivate cash crops, an endogenous treatment regression model that accounts for potential selection bias issue is used to analyze the data. The empirical results show that cash crop cultivation exerts a positive and statistically significant impact on household income, but it does not affect household migration decisions significantly. The disaggregated analyses reveal that cash crop cultivation significantly increases farm income but decreases off-farm income.     

郴州市辣木引种表现及矮化栽培技术

作为当代一种新资源树种辣木,在营养、保健和医药领域有很高的应用价值,开发前景广阔。本文对郴州地区辣木的引种表现进行了总结,将育苗、定植、矮化栽培管理、采收利用等技术要点进行归纳,为辣木的进一步开发利用提供技术支撑。     

杂交稻新品种谷优6866的选育及高产栽培技术

谷优6866是福建禾丰种业股份有限公司利用福建省农业科学院水稻研究所育成的抗病水稻不育系谷丰A与自育籼型恢复系禾恢6866配组育成的三系杂交稻新品种。具有穗大粒多、丰产性和稳产性好、适应性广、较抗稻瘟病和熟期转色好等特点,2019年相继通过福建省和国家农作物品种审定。介绍了谷优6866的选育过程、区试产量表现、特征特性和高产栽培技术,为品种的推广应用提供参考。     

T两优164在沙县作中稻种植表现及机械化高产栽培技术

T两优164是由福建六三种业有限责任公司、福建旺福农业发展有限公司、三明市农业科学研究院共同选育的中籼两系杂交水稻新品种。2018年在沙县作中稻示范种植,表现群体整齐,分蘖力强,穗大粒多,熟期转色好,米质较优,高产等特点。总结了T两优164在沙县作中稻种植表现及机械化高产栽培技术要点。     

棉花新品种冀棉818的选育及栽培技术

冀棉818是以W112为母本,抗单258-1为父本,经过多年南繁北育定向选择,形成的转基因抗虫棉新品种,2019年通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定,具有早熟、丰产、抗病虫等特点。阐述了冀棉818的选育过程、主要特征特性和栽培技术要点。     

基于现代学徒制的畜牧兽医人才工匠精神培育研究

现代学徒制背景下培育学生工匠精神,是高职院校培养符合企业需求高水平高素质技术技能型人才的重要方法。文章从现代学徒制背景下工匠精神内涵、工匠精神价值及培育工匠精神的路径等方面,探究现代学徒制视域下畜牧兽医专业群学生工匠精神培育的重要性。     

"双高"糖料蔗高产种植栽培技术

灵山县贯彻落实国家和自治区部署，加快推进优质高产、高糖糖料蔗基地建设，目前已建成近1333.4hm²“双高”基地，并通过实施“双高”糖料蔗高产种植栽培技术，平均亩产达到8T，蔗糖分达到14%以上。